How to Declare and Initialize Constant Arrays in Delphi

In Delphi, the versatile web-programming language, arrays allow a developer to refer to a series of variables by the same name and to use a number—an index—to tell them apart.

In most scenarios, you declare an array as a variable, which allows for array elements to be changed at run-time.

However, sometimes you need to declare a constant array—a read-only array. You cannot change the value of a constant or a read-only variable. Therefore, while declaring a constant array, you must also initialize it.

Example Declaration of Three Constant Arrays

This code example declares and initializes three constant arrays, named Days, CursorMode, and Items.

• Days is a string array of six elements. Days[1] returns the Mon string.
• CursorMode is an array of two elements, whereby declaration CursorMode[false] = crHourGlass and CursorMode = crSQLWait. "cr*" constants can be used to change the current screen cursor.
• Items defines an array of three TShopItem records.

type
    TShopItem = record
      Name : string;
      Price : currency;
    end;
 
 const
    Days : array[0..6] of string =
    (
      'Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed',
      'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat'
    ) ;
 
    CursorMode : array[boolean] of TCursor =
    (
      crHourGlass, crSQLWait
    ) ;
 
    Items : array[1..3] of TShopItem =
    (
      (Name : 'Clock'; Price : 20.99),
      (Name : 'Pencil'; Price : 15.75),
      (Name : 'Board'; Price : 42.96)
    ) ; 

Trying to assign a value for an item in a constant array raises the "Left side cannot be assigned to" compile time error. For example, the following code does not successfully execute:

 Items[1].Name := 'Watch'; //will not compile