Closed System Definition (Science)

What Is a Closed System in Thermodynamics?

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by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels.
Updated April 09, 2019

A closed system is a concept used in thermodynamics (physics and engineering) and in chemistry. It differs from an isolated system.

Closed System Definition

A closed system is a type of thermodynamic system where mass is conserved within the boundaries of the system, but energy is allowed to freely enter or exit the system.

In chemistry, a closed system is one in which neither reactants nor products can enter or escape, yet which allows energy transfer (heat and light). A closed system may be used for experiments where temperature isn't a factor.