Ketone Definition in Chemistry

What Exactly Is a Ketone?

Cans of acetone in the store.

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By
Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Chemistry Expert
  • Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
  • B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College
Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels.
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Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Updated October 02, 2019

A ketone is a compound containing a carbonyl functional group bridging two groups of atoms. The general formula for a ketone is RC(=O)R' where R and R' are alkyl or aryl groups.
IUPAC ketone functional group names contain "oxo" or "keto". Ketones are named by changing the -e on the end of the parent alkane name to -one.

Ketone Exampes

Acetone is a ketone. The carbonyl group is connected to the alkane propane, therefore the IUPAC name for acetone would be propanone.

Source

  • McMurry, John E. (1992). Organic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Belmont: Wadsworth. ISBN 0-534-16218-5.
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Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Ketone Definition in Chemistry." ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/definition-of-ketone-605282. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 28). Ketone Definition in Chemistry. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-ketone-605282 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Ketone Definition in Chemistry." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-ketone-605282 (accessed August 2, 2021).