Languages › French Determining the Gender of French Nouns Masculine and Feminine Noun Endings Share Flipboard Email Print Based on the ending of the word 'metro' is the word masculine or feminine?. carterdayne/Getty Images French Grammar Pronunciation & Conversation Vocabulary Resources For Teachers By ThoughtCo Team Updated on March 21, 2019 French gender is a headache for many students of French. Why is manteau masculine and montre feminine? Why is témoin always masculine and victime always feminine? As vexing as this subject is for nonnative speakers, we simply have to accept that French gender is here to stay. In fact, consider yourself lucky that you're studying French; in German and Latin, for instance, you'd have to learn three genders (masculine, feminine and neuter), and in still other languages, it gets even more complicated. It might help to know that grammatical gender (what we're discussing here) has nothing to do with natural gender, which is actual, physical gender of living beings. Linguist Andrew Livingston tells us grammatical gender is a way of classing nouns that's older than recorded history. It's deeply embedded in the DNA of an array of Indo-European languages that trace their lineage to a common ancestor, which probably needed to differentiate between the animate and the inanimate. In French, there's simply no way to know the gender of every single noun other than by memorizing the gender of each. There are, however, certain patterns in suffixes and word endings that are a tip-off. As you can see by the number of exceptions here, these gender patterns are not foolproof indicators, but they can help. Before we begin, a couple of notes: We try to list the most common and, thus, most useful exceptions; we avoid obscure exceptions. Also, to avoid confusion, we do not list dual-gender nouns. French Masculine Nouns Here are some suffixes that usually indicate masculine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. -ageExceptions: la cage, une image, la nage, la page, la plage, la rage -b -bleExceptions: une cible, une étable, une fable, une table -cException: la fac (apocope of la faculté) -cleException: une boucle -d -deExceptions: la bride, la merde, la méthode, la pinède; -ade, -nde, -ude endings -éExceptions: la clé, la psyché; sé, té, and tié endings -eauExceptions: l'eau, la peau -ègeException: la Norvège -et -eurNote: This applies mainly to names of professions and mechanical or scientific things; also see -eur in the list of feminine endings. -fExceptions: la soif, la clef, la nef -iExceptions: la foi, la fourmi, la loi, la paroi -ing -isme -k -lException: une roseval -mException: la faim -meExceptions: une alarme, une âme, une arme, la cime, la coutume, la crème, l'écume, une énigme, une estime, une ferme, une firme, une forme, une larme, une plume, une rame, une rime, -mme ending -mentException: une jument -nExceptions: la façon, la fin, la leçon, la main, la maman, la rançon; -son and -ion endings -oExceptions: la dactylo, la dynamo, la libido, la météo, la moto, la steno (most of these are apocopes of longer feminine words) -oir -one -ou -p -rExceptions: la chair, la cour, la cuiller, la mer, la tour (see feminine -eur) -sExceptions: la brebis, la fois, une oasis, la souris, la vis -steExceptions: la liste, la modiste, la piste; names for people like un(e) artiste, un(e) nudiste, etc. -tExceptions: la burlat, la dent, la dot, la forêt, la jument, la mort, la nuit, la part, la plupart, la ziggourat -treExceptions: la fenêtre, une huître, la lettre, la montre, la rencontre, la vitre -uExceptions: l'eau, la peau, la tribu, la vertu -xExceptions: la croix, la noix, la paix, la toux, la voix Feminine Noun Endings Here are some suffixes that usually indicate feminine nouns, as well as some important exceptions. Remember, we list here the most common endings, because these will be the most useful for you to know. -aceExceptions: un ace, un palace -adeExceptions: le grade, le jade, le stade -aleExceptions: un châle, un pétale, un scandale -ance -beExceptions: un cube, un globe, un microbe, un tube, un verbe -ceExceptions: un artifice, un armistice, un appendice, le bénéfice, le caprice, le commerce, le dentifrice, le divorce, un exercice, un office, un orifice, un précipice, un prince, un sacrifice, un service, le silence, le solstice, le supplice, un vice -céException: un crustacé -eNote: Most countries and names that end in e are feminine. -eeException: un pedigree -éeExceptions: un apogée, un lycée, un musée, un périgée, un trophée -esse -eurNote: This applies mainly to abstract qualities and emotions, except le bonheur, l'extérieur, l'honneur, l'intérieur, le malheur, le meilleur. Also see -eur on the list of masculine endings. -feException: le golfe -ieExceptions: un incendie, le foie, le génie, le parapluie, le sosie -ièreExceptions: l'arrière, le cimetière, le derrière -ineExceptions: le capitaine, le domaine, le moine, le magazine, le patrimoine -ionExceptions: un avion, un bastion, un billion, un camion, un cation, un dominion, un espion, un ion, un lampion, un lion, un million, le morpion, un pion, un scion, un scorpion, un trillion -iqueExceptions: un graphique, un périphérique -ireExceptions: un auditoire, un commentaire, un dictionnaire, un directoire, un horaire, un itinéraire, l'ivoire, un laboratoire, un navire, un pourboire, le purgatoire, le répertoire, le salaire, le sommaire, le sourire, le territoire, le vocabulaire -ise -iteExceptions: l'anthracite, un ermite, le granite, le graphite, le mérite, l'opposite, le plébiscite, un rite, un satellite, un site, un termite -lleExceptions: le braille, un gorille, un intervalle, un mille, un portefeuille, le vaudeville, le vermicelle, le violoncelle -mmeExceptions: un dilemme, un gramme, un programme -ndeException: le monde -nne -oleExceptions: le contrôle, le monopole, le rôle, le symbole -rreExceptions: le beurre, le parterre, le tonnerre, le verre -seExceptions: un carosse, un colosse, le gypse, l'inverse, un malaise, un pamplemousse, un parebrise, le suspense -séExceptions: un exposé, un opposé -sion -sonExceptions: un blason, un blouson -téExceptions: un arrêté, le comité, le comté, le côté, un député, un été, le pâté, le traité -tié -tionException: le bastion -udeExceptions: le coude, un interlude, le prélude -ueException: un abaque -uleExceptions: le préambule, le scrupule, le tentacule, le testicule, le véhicule, le ventricule, le vestibule -ureExceptions: le centaure, le cyanure, le dinosaure, le murmure Cite this Article Format mla apa chicago Your Citation Team, ThoughtCo. "Determining the Gender of French Nouns." ThoughtCo, Apr. 5, 2023, thoughtco.com/french-gender-masculine-endings-1368853. Team, ThoughtCo. (2023, April 5). Determining the Gender of French Nouns. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/french-gender-masculine-endings-1368853 Team, ThoughtCo. "Determining the Gender of French Nouns." ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/french-gender-masculine-endings-1368853 (accessed June 9, 2023). copy citation