Simple Conjugations for the French Verb, 'Ouvrir,' Meaning 'to Open'

The French verb ouvrir means "to open." It is an irregular -ir verb. Conjugating irregular French verbs can difficult for most students, but there is some good news: There are distinct patterns in the conjugations of irregular -ir verbs, which French grammarians have anointed le troisième groupe ("the third group"). So while there are roughly 50 irregular French -ir verbs, these shared patterns mean that you will only have to learn about 16 conjugations.

Conjugating Irregular "-ir" verbs

There are three groups of irregular -ir verbs. The verb ouvrir falls into the second group, which consists of verbs that end in -llir, -frir, or -vrir. Almost all are conjugated like regular French -er verbs. In addition to ouvrir, this group includes the following verbs, plus their derivatives:

• Couvrir > to cover 
• Cueillir > to pick  
• Découvrir > to discover
• Entrouvrir > to half-open
• Offrir > to offer 
• Recueillir > to collect
• Recouvrir > to recover, conceal
• Rouvrir > to reopen 
• Souffrir > to suffer

Conjugating "Ouvrir"

With regular -ir verb conjugations, the stem remains intact; in irregular -ir verb conjugations, by contrast, the stem does not remain intact throughout. The conjugations below include the passé composé, meaning the perfect tense, and the passé simple, the simple past.

The passé composé is the most common French past tense, often used in conjunction with the imperfect. The passé simple, which can also be translated into English as the "preterite," is also used alongside the imperfect. You will probably never need to use the passé simple, but it is important to recognize it, especially if you read many French fiction or nonfiction works.

	Present	Future	Imperfect	Present participle
j'	ouvre	ouvrirai	ouvrais	ouvrant
tu	ouvres	ouvriras	ouvrais
il	ouvre	ouvrira	ouvrait
nous	ouvrons	ouvrirons	ouvrions
vous	ouvrez	ouvrirez	ouvriez
ils	ouvrent	ouvriront	ouvraient

Passé composé
Auxiliary verb	avoir
Past participle	ouvert

	Subjunctive	Conditional	Passé simple	Imperfect subjunctive
j'	ouvre	ouvrirais	ouvris	ouvrisse
tu	ouvres	ouvrirais	ouvris	ouvrisses
il	ouvre	ouvrirait	ouvrit	ouvrît
nous	ouvrions	ouvririons	ouvrîmes	ouvrissions
vous	ouvriez	ouvririez	ouvrîtes	ouvrissiez
ils	ouvrent	ouvriraient	ouvrirent	ouvrissent

Imperative
(tu)	ouvre
(nous)	ouvrons
(vous)	ouvrez

Verb conjugation pattern Ouvrir is an irregular verb

All French verbs that end in -frir or -vrir are conjugated
this way.

Using "Ouvrir"

There is probably no better use for the word ouvrir than during the holidays, especially at Christmastime. Just as in the United States, Christmas is an important holiday in France, and the thought of opening presents brings great excitement.

A common way to describe the festive time might be:

Comme dans le reste du monde, les Français se réunissent en famille autour du sapin de Noël, et souvent d'une petite crèche, et les enfants attendent que le Père Noël soit passé pour ouvrir les cadeaux le 25 au matin.

This translates as:

As in the rest of the world, the French gather around the Christmas tree, and often a little manger, and the children wait for Santa Claus to pass by so they can open presents on the morning of the 25th.

Learning to use the verb ouvrir, then, can help open doors to you as you discuss and take part in many French cultural discussions and celebrations.