Significant Dates in June for Science, Trademarks and Inventors

1826—Carl Bechstein, German piano manufacturer, who invented improvements to pianos

1866—Charles Davenport, American biologist who pioneered new standards of taxonomy

1907—Frank Whittle, English aviation inventor of a jet engine

1917—William Standish Knowles, American chemist who developed pharmaceutical compounds (Nobel Prize, 2001)

1957—Jeff Hawkins, American who invented the Palm Pilot and Treo

1906—2,u're a Grand Old Flag" by George M. Cohan was trademark registered

1857—James Gibbs patented the first chain-stitch single-thread sewing machine

1969—New York Rangers was trademark registered

1934—Dr. Frederick Banting, the coinventor of insulin, was knighted

1761—Henry Shrapnel, English inventor of shrapnel

1904—Charles Richard Drew, pioneer of blood plasma research

1947—John Dykstra, pioneer in the development of computers in filmmaking for special effects

1801—James Pennethorne, architect who designed Kennington Park and Victoria Park in London

1877—Heinrich Wieland, German chemist, who researched bile acids; made the first synthesis of Adamsite; and isolated the toxin alpha-amanitin, the principal active agent of one of the world's most poisonous mushrooms (Nobel Prize, 1927)

1910—Christopher Cockerell invented the Hovercraft

1718—Thomas Chippendale, English furniture maker

1760—Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist who discovered yttrium

1819—John Couch Adams, English astronomer who codiscovered Neptune

1862—Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, who researched the refractive properties of the eye to focus images (astigmatism), and invented an improved ophthalmoscope and corrective lenses for use after removal of a cataract (Nobel Prize, 1911)

1907—Rudolf Peierls, physicist with a major role in Britain's nuclear program, who coauthored the Frisch-Peierls memorandum, the first paper on constructing an atomic bomb from a small amount of fissionable uranium-235

1915—Lancelot Ware founded Mensa

1944—Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer, was a pioneer of public-key cryptography

1436—Johannes Muller, astronomer who invented astronomical tables

1850—Karl Ferdinand Braun, German scientist who invented the first oscilloscope, known as the Braun tube, and invented a form of wireless telegraphy (Nobel Prize, 1909)

1875—Walter Percy Chrysler, car manufacturer who founded Chrysler Corporation in 1925

1886—Paul Dudley White, heart specialist who was the father of preventive cardiology

1933—Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist who co-invented the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, providing the first images of individual atoms on the surfaces of materials (Nobel Prize, 1986)

1946—"Eensie Weensie Spider" by Yola De Meglio was copyright registered

1953—The first color network telecast in compatible color was broadcast from a station in Boston

1502—Pope Gregory XIII invented the Gregorian calendar in 1582

1811—James Young Simpson, Scottish obstetrician who discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform, and successfully introduced chloroform into general medical use

1843—Susan Elizabeth Blow, American educator who invented kindergarten

1886—Henri Coanda, Romanian inventor and aviation scientist who designed early jet engines

1896—Robert Mulliken, American chemist and physicist, who was behind the early development of molecular orbital theory (Nobel Prize, 1966)

1925—Camille Flammarion, French astronomer and writer, was the first to suggest the names Triton and Amalthea for the moons of Neptune and Jupiter and published the magazine "L'Astronomie"

1625—Giovanni Cassini, French astronomer who discovered the moons of Saturn

1724 —John Smeaton, British engineer who invented the air pump for diving gear

1916—Francis Crick, British molecular biologist, physicist and neuroscientist, who co-discovered DNA structure and had a crucial role in research related to revealing the genetic code, and who also attempted to advance the scientific study of human consciousness with theoretical neurobiology (Nobel Prize, 1962)

1955—Tim Berners-Lee, computer pioneer who lead the development of the World Wide Web, HTML (used to create web pages), HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and URLs (Universal Resource Locators)

1781—George Stephenson, English inventor of the first steam locomotive engine for railroads

1812—Hermann von Fehling, German chemist who invented Fehling's solution used for estimation of sugar

1812—Johann G. Galle, German astronomer who discovered Neptune

1875—Henry Dale, British physiologist who identified acetylcholine as a possible neurotransmitter (Nobel Prize, 1936)

1892—Helena Rubinstein, invented different cosmetics and founded the Helena Rubinstein Company

1900—Fred Waring, American inventor of the Waring Blender

1915—Les Paul, American inventor who invented the Les Paul electric guitar, sound-on-sound, the eight-track recorder, overdubbing, the electronic reverb effect and multitrack tape recording.

1706—John Dollond, English optician and inventor who was granted the first patent for an achromatic lens

1832—Nicolaus Otto, German automobile designer who invented an effective gas motor engine and the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine, called the Otto Cycle Engine

1908—Ernst Chain, German chemist and bacteriologist who invented a manufacturing process for Penicillin G Procaine and made it available as medication (Nobel Prize, 1945)

1913—Wilbur Cohen was the first hired employee of the Social Security System

1842—Carl von Linde, German engineer and physicist who wrote the Linde-process

1867—Charles Fabry, scientist who discovered the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

1886—David Steinman, American engineer and bridge designer who built the Hudson and Triborough bridges

1910—Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French oceanic explorer who invented diving gear

1843—David Gill, Scottish astronomer known for research on measuring astronomical distances, astrophotography, and geodesy

1851—Oliver Joseph Lodge, English radio pioneer who invented spark plugs

1773—Thomas Young, British philologist and physician who established the wave theory of light

1831—James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist who discovered the electromagnetic field

1854—Charles Algernon Parsons, British inventor of the steam turbine

1938—Peter Michael, English electronic manufacturer and founder of Quantel, who invented hardware and software packages for video production, including UEI and Paintbox

1736—Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, French physicist who wrote Coulomb's Law and invented the torsion balance

1868—Karl Landsteiner, Austrian immunologist and pathologist who invented the modern system of classification of blood groups (Nobel Prize, 1930)

1912—E. Cuyler Hammond, scientist who was the first to prove that smoking causes lung cancer

1925—David Bache, English car designer who invented the Land Rover and Series II Land Rover

1949—Bob Frankston, computer programmer and inventor of VisiCalc

1896—Jean Peugeot, French auto manufacturer who invented Peugeot automobiles

1899—Nelson Doubleday, American publisher who was the founder of Doubleday Books

1902—Barbara McClintock, American cytogeneticist, who lead in the development of maize cytogenetics (Nobel Prize 1983)

1902—George Gaylord Simpson, American paleontologist and expert on extinct mammals and their intercontinental migrations

1910—Richard Maling Barrer, chemist and the founding father of zeolite chemistry

1832—William Crookes, English chemist and physicist who invented the Crookes tube and discovered thallium

1867—John Robert Gregg, Irish inventor of shorthand

1870—George Cormack, inventor of Wheaties cereal

1907—Charles Eames, American furniture and industrial designer

1943—Burt Rutan, American aerospace engineer who invented the light, strong, unusual-looking, energy-efficient Voyager aircraft, the first plane to fly around the world without stopping or refueling

1799—Prosper Meniere, French ear doctor who identified Meniere Syndrome

1799—William Lassell, astronomer who discovered the moons of Uranus and Neptune

1944—Paul Lansky, American electronic-music composer and a pioneer in the development of computer music languages for algorithmic composition

1900—Michael Pupin granted a patent for long-distance telephony

1940—"Brenda Starr," the first cartoon strip by a woman, appeared in a Chicago newspaper

1623 —Blaise Pascal, French mathematician and physicist who invented an early calculator

1922—Aage Neals Bohr, Danish physicist who researched the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1975)

1876—Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist who was the first person to freeze helium gas into a solid

1891—Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect who designed the Nuove Struttura

1955—Tim Bray, Canadian inventor and software developer who wrote Bonnie, a Unix file system benchmarking tool; Lark, the first XML Processor; and APE, the Atom Protocol Exerciser

1954—The antacid Rolaids was trademark registered

1847—The donut was invented

1701—Nikolaj Eigtved, Danish architect who built Christiansborg Castle

1864—Hermann Minkowski, German mathematician who created a geometry of numbers, and who used geometrical methods to solve difficult problems in number theory, mathematical physics and the theory of relativity

1887—Julian S. Huxley, English biologist who was a proponent of natural selection, the first director of UNESCO, and a founding member of the World Wildlife Fund

1910—Konrad Zuse, German civil engineer and computer pioneer who invented the first freely programmable computer

1848—Antoine Joseph Sax, Belgian inventor of the saxophone

1894—Alfred Kinsey, entomologist and sexologist, who wrote the famous "Kinsey Report on American Sexuality"

1902—Howard Engstrom, American computer designer who promoted the use of the UNIVAC computer

1912—Alan Turing, mathematician and computer theory pioneer, who invented the Turing Machine

1943—Vinton Cerf, American inventor of internet protocol

1873—Mark Twain patented a scrapbook

1963—The first demonstration of a home video recorder took place at BBC Studios in London, England

1771—E.I. du Pont, French chemist and industrialist, who founded the gunpowder manufacturing company E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, now just called Du Pont

1883—Victor Francis Hess, American physicist who discovered cosmic rays (1936, Nobel Prize)

1888—Gerrit T. Rietveld, Dutch architect who built Juliana Hall and Sonsbeek Pavillion

1909—William Penney, British physicist who invented the first British atom bomb

1915—Fred Hoyle, cosmologist who proposed steady-state universe theory

1927—Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist who discovered the tau lepton (Nobel Prize, 1995)

1864—Walther Hermann Nernst, German physical chemist and physicist who is known for his theories behind the calculation of chemical affinity as embodied in the third law of thermodynamics, and for developing the Nernst equation (Nobel Prize, 1920)

1894—Hermann Oberth, German rocket scientist who invented the V2 rocket

1907—J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist who discovered the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1963)

1911—William Howard Stein, American biochemist who was known for his work on ribonuclease and for his contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the ribonuclease molecule (Nobel Prize, 1972)

1925—Robert Venturi, American modern architect who built the Sainsbury Wing of the National Gallery, Wu Hall at Princeton and the Seattle Art Museum

1730—Charles Joseph Messier, astronomer who catalogued "M objects"

1824—William Thomson Kelvin, British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale

1898—Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer and manufacturer who invented the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter plane, the most important fighter in the German Luftwaffe

1902—William Lear, engineer and manufacturer, who invented jets and eight-track tape, and founded the Lear Jet company

1913—Maurice Wilkes invented the stored program concept for computers

1929—The first color television was demonstrated in New York City

1967—Baltimore Orioles and NY Jets trademarks were registered

1967—The name Kmart was trademark registered

1917—Raggedy Ann doll was invented

1956—First atomic reactor built for private research starts operations in Chicago

1824—Paul Broca, French brain surgeon, the first person to locate the speech center of the brain

1825—Richard ACE Erlenmeyer, German chemist, who invented the conical Erlenmeyer flask in 1961, discovered and synthesized several organic compounds, and formulated the Erlenmeyer rule

1906—Maria Goeppert Mayer, American atomic physicist, who proposed the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus (Nobel Prize, 1963)

1912—Carl F. von Weiszacker, German physicist, who performed nuclear research in Germany during WWII

1928—John Stewart Bell, Irish physicist who wrote Bell's Theorem

1858—George Washington Goethals, civil engineer who built the Panama Canal

1861—William James Mayo, American surgeon who started the Mayo Clinic

1911—Klaus Fuchs, German nuclear physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project and was arrested for being a spy

1791—Felix Savart, French surgeon and physicist who formulated the Biot-Savart Law

1926—Paul Berg, American biochemist known for his contributions to research in nucleic acids